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PLN to TRY Live Rate

Last updated June, 09 03:12 (GMT -4:00)

1 PLN = 5.6625 TRY

Prev. Close: 5.5697 Day's Range: 5.6449 - 5.6801

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PLN

₺

TRY

PLN Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange	Rate	Last day
PLN to GBP rate	0.19194 ▼	0.1919
PLN to EUR rate	0.2236 ▲	0.2235
PLN to AUD rate	0.35886 ▼	0.3592
PLN to CAD rate	0.3215 ▼	0.3222
PLN to USD rate	0.24093 ▼	0.241
PLN to NZD rate	0.39519 ▼	0.3954
PLN to TRY rate	5.66359 ▲	5.6735
PLN to DKK rate	1.66639 ▲	1.6655
PLN to AED rate	0.88421 ▼	0.8853
PLN to NOK rate	2.60772 ▼	2.6289
PLN to SEK rate	2.60115 ▼	2.6046
PLN to CHF rate	0.21665 ▼	0.2167
PLN to JPY rate	33.6102 ▲	33.503
PLN to HKD rate	1.8886 ▼	1.8889
PLN to MXN rate	4.18103 ▼	4.1906
PLN to SGD rate	0.32338 ▼	0.3237
PLN to ZAR rate	4.54111 ▼	4.5459

Economic indicators of Poland and Turkey

Indicator	Poland	Turkey
Private Consumption	431,207 Mil. PLN, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Nominal GDP	873,852 Mil. PLN, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Investment	249,310 Mil. PLN, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Real GDP	558,777 Mil. Ch. 2015 PLN, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q2	-
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	248.4 1998=100, NSA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-
Producer Price Index (PPI)	99.3 Previous month=100, NSA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-
Unemployment Rate	5.2 Percent, NSA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-
Exports of Goods	31,421 Mil. USD, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023	-
Imports of Goods	32,070 Mil. USD, NSA, Monthly; Mar 2023	-
Net Exports	13,230 Mil. PLN, NSA, Quarterly; 2022 Q2	-
Lending Rate	6.75 % p.a., NSA, Daily; 31 May 2023	-
House Price Index	171.89 Index 2010=100, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Retail Sales	92.7 Index corr. per. prv. yr. = 100, NSA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-
Consumer Confidence	-13.2 SA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-

PLN to TRY Historical Rates(table)

Date	Open	Highest	Lowest	Close
PLN to TRY (2023-06-09)	5.6601	5.6659	5.6801	5.6449
PLN to TRY (2023-06-08)	5.5690	5.5441	5.6509	5.5123
PLN to TRY (2023-06-07)	5.5420	5.1560	5.5979	5.1543
PLN to TRY (2023-06-06)	5.1504	5.0898	5.1767	5.0730
PLN to TRY (2023-06-05)	5.0875	4.9990	5.1140	4.9722
PLN to TRY (2023-06-02)	4.9947	4.9552	5.0334	4.9285
PLN to TRY (2023-06-01)	4.9513	4.9117	4.9735	4.8545
PLN to TRY (2023-05-31)	4.9095	4.8446	4.9295	4.8065
PLN to TRY (2023-05-30)	4.8398	4.7639	4.8717	4.7418
PLN to TRY (2023-05-29)	4.7568	4.7292	4.7930	4.7067
PLN to TRY (2023-05-26)	4.7150	4.7464	4.8019	4.6876
PLN to TRY (2023-05-25)	4.7408	4.7473	4.7758	4.7067
PLN to TRY (2023-05-24)	4.7421	4.7670	4.8134	4.7133
PLN to TRY (2023-05-23)	4.7611	4.7640	4.8802	4.7174
PLN to TRY (2023-05-22)	4.7602	4.7214	4.8110	4.6835
PLN to TRY (2023-05-19)	4.7116	4.6899	4.7700	4.6557
PLN to TRY (2023-05-18)	4.6860	4.7371	4.7726	4.6541
PLN to TRY (2023-05-17)	4.7312	4.7768	4.8124	4.7009
PLN to TRY (2023-05-16)	4.7739	4.7499	4.8141	4.7221
PLN to TRY (2023-05-15)	4.7441	4.6983	4.7759	4.6835
PLN to TRY (2023-05-12)	4.6929	4.7031	4.7502	4.6635
PLN to TRY (2023-05-11)	4.6996	4.7510	4.7774	4.6708
PLN to TRY (2023-05-10)	4.7468	4.7011	4.7817	4.6689
PLN to TRY (2023-05-09)	4.6942	4.7068	4.7329	4.6480

PLN to TRY Handy Conversion

1 PLN = 5.663 TRY

2 PLN = 11.325 TRY

3 PLN = 16.988 TRY

4 PLN = 22.65 TRY

5 PLN = 28.313 TRY

6 PLN = 33.975 TRY

7 PLN = 39.638 TRY

8 PLN = 45.3 TRY

9 PLN = 50.963 TRY

10 PLN = 56.625 TRY

15 PLN = 84.938 TRY

20 PLN = 113.25 TRY

25 PLN = 141.563 TRY

50 PLN = 283.125 TRY

100 PLN = 566.25 TRY

200 PLN = 1132.5 TRY

250 PLN = 1415.625 TRY

500 PLN = 2831.25 TRY

750 PLN = 4246.875 TRY

1000 PLN = 5662.5 TRY

1500 PLN = 8493.75 TRY

2000 PLN = 11325 TRY

5000 PLN = 28312.5 TRY

10000 PLN = 56625 TRY

Comparison between Poland and Turkey

Background comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Poland	Turkey
Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed and with large investments in defense, energy, and other infrastructure, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.	Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Poland

Turkey

Poland's history as a state began near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in Central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century, internal disorders weakened the nation, and in a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force with over 10 million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the communist era to a close. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed and with large investments in defense, energy, and other infrastructure, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Geography comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Location	Central Europe, east of Germany	Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Geographic coordinates	52 00 N, 20 00 E	39 00 N, 35 00 E
Map references	Europe	Middle East
Area	total: 312,685 sq km land: 304,255 sq km water: 8,430 sq km country comparison to the world: 71	total: 783,562 sq km land: 769,632 sq km water: 13,930 sq km country comparison to the world: 38
Land boundaries	total: 3,071 km border countries (7): Belarus 418 km, Czech Republic 796 km, Germany 467 km, Lithuania 104 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 210 km, Slovakia 541 km, Ukraine 535 km	total: 2,816 km border countries (8): Armenia 311 km, Azerbaijan 17 km, Bulgaria 223 km, Georgia 273 km, Greece 192 km, Iran 534 km, Iraq 367 km, Syria 899 km
Coastline	440 km	7,200 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: defined by international treaties	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
Climate	temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers	temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Terrain	mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border	high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Elevation	mean elevation: 173 m elevation extremes: lowest point: near Raczki Elblaskie -2 m highest point: Rysy 2,499 m	mean elevation: 1,132 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m
Natural resources	coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, arable land	coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Land use	agricultural land: 48.2% arable land 36.2%; permanent crops 1.3%; permanent pasture 10.7% forest: 30.6% other: 21.2% (2011 est.)	agricultural land: 49.7% arable land 26.7%; permanent crops 4%; permanent pasture 19% forest: 14.9% other: 35.4% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land	970 sq km (2012)	52,150 sq km (2012)
Population - distribution	population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Natural hazards	flooding	severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding volcanism: limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier
Environment - current issues	decreased emphasis on heavy industry and increased environmental concern by post-communist governments has improved environment; air pollution remains serious because of emissions from coal-fired power plants and the resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal of hazardous wastes	water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography - note	historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain	strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country

People comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Population	38,476,269 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 36	80,845,215 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 18
Nationality	noun: Pole(s) adjective: Polish	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish
Ethnic groups	Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% note: represents ethnicity declared first (2011 est.)	Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)
Languages	Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.3% note: data represents the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)	Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
Religions	Catholic 87.2% (includes Roman Catholic 86.9% and Greek Catholic, Armenian Catholic, and Byzantine-Slavic Catholic .3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentacostal), other 0.4% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Mormon), unspecified 10.8% (2012 est.)	Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Dependency ratios	total dependency ratio: 43.9 youth dependency ratio: 21.4 elderly dependency ratio: 22.5 potential support ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)	total dependency ratio: 50.1 youth dependency ratio: 38.4 elderly dependency ratio: 11.7 potential support ratio: 8.5 (2015 est.)
Median age	total: 40.7 years male: 39 years female: 42.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 47	total: 30.9 years male: 30.5 years female: 31.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110
Population growth rate	-0.13% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 206	0.52% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 153
Birth rate	9.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 202	15.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119
Death rate	10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 33	6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165
Net migration rate	-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118	-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 185
Population distribution	population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Urbanization	urban population: 60.5% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 0.02% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)	urban population: 74.4% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population	WARSAW (capital) 1.722 million; Krakow 760,000 (2015)	Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2017 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth	27.4 years (2014 est.)	22.3 years (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio	3 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 182	16 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 182	total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 91
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 77.8 years male: 73.9 years female: 81.8 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 67	total population: 75 years male: 72.7 years female: 77.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113
Total fertility rate	1.35 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 215	2.01 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118
Health expenditures	6.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 97	5.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 131
Physicians density	2.29 physicians/1,000 population (2015)	1.75 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density	6.5 beds/1,000 population (2013)	2.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)
Drinking water source	improved: urban: 99.3% of population rural: 96.9% of population total: 98.3% of population unimproved: urban: 0.7% of population rural: 3.1% of population total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access	improved: urban: 97.5% of population rural: 96.7% of population total: 97.2% of population unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population rural: 3.3% of population total: 2.8% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 98.3% of population rural: 85.5% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 1.7% of population rural: 14.5% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS	NA	NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths	NA	NA
Major infectious diseases	degree of risk: intermediate vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2016)	-
Obesity - adult prevalence rate	23.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 69	32.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 17
Education expenditures	4.9% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 65	4.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 142
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.9% female: 99.7% (2015 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 98.6% female: 92.6% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)	total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2013)	total: 16 years male: 17 years female: 16 years (2013)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24	total: 20.8% male: 20.7% female: 20.9% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 62	total: 18.5% male: 16.5% female: 22.2% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72
Contraceptive prevalence rate	-	73.5% (2013)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight	-	1.9% (2013) country comparison to the world: 123

Government comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Poland conventional short form: Poland local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska local short form: Polska etymology: name derives from the Polanians, a west Slavic tribe that united several surrounding Slavic groups (9th-10th centuries A.D.) and who passed on their name to the country; the name of the tribe likely comes from the Slavic "pole" (field or plain), indicating the flat nature of their country	conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye etymology: the name means "Land of the Turks"
Government type	parliamentary republic	parliamentary republic
Capital	name: Warsaw geographic coordinates: 52 15 N, 21 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions	16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie (Lodz), Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie (Opole), Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross), Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)	81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
Independence	11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 966 (adoption of Christianity, traditional founding date), 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)	29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed succeeding the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)	Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
Constitution	history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997 amendments: proposed by at least one-fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum; amended 2006, 2009, 2015 (2016)	history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 amendments: proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017 (2018)
Legal system	civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final	civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code
International law organization participation	accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Poland dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Executive branch	chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015) head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Beata SZYDLO, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Policy (since 11 December 2017) cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 May 2015 with a second round on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in May 2020); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm election results: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%	chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Recep AKDAG (since 20 July 2017), Bekir BOZDAG (since 20 July 2017), Hakan CAVUSOGLU (since 20 July 2017), Fikri ISIK (since 20 July 2017), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president (until the next parliamentary or presidential election following the April 2017 referendum) elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament; note - a 2007 constitutional amendment changed the presidential electoral process to direct popular vote; prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; election last held on 10 August 2014 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN elected president; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 51.8%, Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU (independent) 38.4%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 9.8%
Legislative branch	description: bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) and the Sejm (460 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold of total votes cast for a party to gain a seat; members serve 4-year terms); note - the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly note: all minorities are exempt from the 5% threshold requirement for seats to the Sejm elections: Senate - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held in October or November 2019); Sejm - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held in October or November 2019) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PiS 61, PO 34, PSL 1, independent 4; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 37.6%, PO 24.1%, K15 8.8%, N 7.6%, PSL 5.1% other 16.8%; seats by party - PiS 235, PO 138, K15 42, N 28, PSL 16, German minority 1	description: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats - will increase to 600 at November 2018 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms - term increased to 5 years beginning with November 2018 election) elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.5%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, HDP 59, MHP 40, ; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats
Judicial branch	highest court(s): Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers) judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland; judges appointed until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended subordinate courts: Constitutional Tribunal; State Tribunal; administrative courts; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts	highest court: Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of 17 members - a constitutional referendum held in 2017 approved an amendment to reduce to 15 from 17 the number of Constitutional Court judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges appointed for 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges appointed until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members appointed for renewable, 4-year terms subordinate courts: regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts, peace courts; military courts; state security courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions
Political parties and leaders	Civic Platform or PO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA] Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY] German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Ryszard GALLA] Kukiz 15 or K15 [Pawel KUKIZ] Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI] Liberty (formerly the Coalition for the Renewal of the Republic-Liberty and Hope or KORWiN) [Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE] Nowoczesna ("Modern") or N [Katarzyna LUBNAUER] Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ] Razem (Together) [collective leadership]	Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Onder AKSAKAL] Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU] Good Party or IYI [Meral AKSENER] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Serpil KEMALBAY]; note - DEMIRTAS was detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over his alleged links to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] True Path Party or DYP [Cetin OZACIRGOZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders	All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ [Jan GUZ] (trade union) Independent Self-Governing Trade Union or Solidarity [Piotr DUDA] Roman Catholic Church [Archbishop Wojciech POLAK, Archbishop Stanislaw GADECKI]	Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Mehmet BOZGEYIK, Aysun GEZEN, cochairs] Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Abfuttahman KAAN] Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] Turkish Confederation of Labor Unions or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Erol BILECIK] Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
International organization participation	Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Piotr Antoni WILCZEK (since 18 January 2017) chancery: 2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 499-1700 FAX: [1] (202) 328-6271 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Serdar KILIC (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Wayne JONES (since 7 October 2015) embassy: Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31 00-540 Warsaw mailing address: American Embassy Warsaw, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5010 (pouch) telephone: [48] (22) 504-2000 FAX: [48] (22) 504-2688 consulate(s) general: Krakow	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Philip KOSNETT (since 16 October 2017) embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; colors derive from the Polish emblem - a white eagle on a red field note: similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white	red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors
National symbol(s)	white crowned eagle; national colors: white, red	star and crescent; national colors: red, white
National anthem	name: "Mazurek Dabrowskiego" (Dabrowski's Mazurka) lyrics/music: Jozef WYBICKI/traditional note: adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as "Jeszcze Polska nie zginela" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797; the lyrics resonate strongly with Poles because they reflect the numerous occasions in which the nation's lands have been occupied	name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932

Economy comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Economy - overview	Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth. The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending. Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.	Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook. Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.
GDP (purchasing power parity)	$1.111 trillion (2017 est.) $1.07 trillion (2016 est.) $1.042 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 25	$2.133 trillion (2017 est.) $2.029 trillion (2016 est.) $1.966 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 14
GDP (official exchange rate)	$510 billion (2017 est.)	$841.2 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.8% (2017 est.) 2.6% (2016 est.) 3.9% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 78	5.1% (2017 est.) 3.2% (2016 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 38
GDP - per capita (PPP)	$29,300 (2017 est.) $28,200 (2016 est.) $27,400 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 66	$26,500 (2017 est.) $25,400 (2016 est.) $25,000 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 75
Gross national saving	19% of GDP (2017 est.) 19.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 19.9% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 96	25.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 49
GDP - composition, by end use	household consumption: 58.8% government consumption: 18.1% investment in fixed capital: 17.8% investment in inventories: 0.8% exports of goods and services: 56.2% imports of goods and services: -51.8% (2017 est.)	household consumption: 59.8% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 28.6% investment in inventories: -0.9% exports of goods and services: 24% imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin	agriculture: 2.4% industry: 40.2% services: 64.3% (2017 est.)	agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.8% services: 61.4% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products	potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy	tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock
Industries	machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles	textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Industrial production growth rate	4.2% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 64	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100
Labor force	17.6 million (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 37	31.3 million note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 20
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 11.5% industry: 30.4% services: 57.6% (2015 est.)	agriculture: 18.4% industry: 26.6% services: 54.9% (2016 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.8% (2017 est.) 6.2% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 65	11.2% (2017 est.) 10.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 147
Population below poverty line	17.6% (2015 est.)	21.9% (2015 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 23.9% (2015 est.)	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index	30.8 (2015 est.) 33.7 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 126	40.2 (2010 est.) 43.6 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 65
Budget	revenues: $90.8 billion expenditures: $102.2 billion (2017 est.)	revenues: $173.9 billion expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues	17.8% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 171	20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 147
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)	-2.2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 93	-2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 86
Public debt	46.2% of GDP (2017 est.) 48.4% of GDP (2016 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions country comparison to the world: 115	29.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 165
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.9% (2017 est.) -0.6% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 87	10.9% (2017 est.) 7.8% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 205
Central bank discount rate	1.5% (31 December 2017 est.) 2% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 123	5.25% (31 December 2011 est.) 15% (22 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79
Commercial bank prime lending rate	4.8% (31 December 2017 est.) 4.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 148	15.2% (31 December 2017 est.) 14.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 42
Stock of narrow money	$255.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $195.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 21	$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33
Stock of broad money	$374.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $300.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30	$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Stock of domestic credit	$413.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $336.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 31	$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Market value of publicly traded shares	$261.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $277.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $351.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 30	$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36
Current account balance	$-4.958 billion (2017 est.) $-959 million (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 175	$-38.95 billion (2017 est.) $-32.61 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 198
Exports	$221.4 billion (2017 est.) $195.7 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 26	$157.3 billion (2017 est.) $150.2 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34
Exports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)	apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Exports - partners	Germany 27.3%, UK 6.6%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.4%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.5% (2016)	Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)
Imports	$221.8 billion (2017 est.) $193.6 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 21	$196.8 billion (2017 est.) $191 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)	machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Imports - partners	Germany 28.3%, China 7.9%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 5.8%, Italy 5.3%, France 4.2%, Czech Republic 4.1% (2016)	China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$115 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $114.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 23	$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Debt - external	$362 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $347.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 32	$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home	$235.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $224.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 27	$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad	$68.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $64.52 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39	$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 46
Exchange rates	zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - 3.75 (2017 est.) 3.95 (2016 est.) 3.95 (2015 est.) 3.77 (2014 est.) 3.15 (2013 est.)	Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 3.63 (2017 est.) 3.02 (2016 est.) 3.02 (2015 est.) 2.72 (2014 est.) 2.19 (2013 est.)

Poland

Turkey

Economy - overview

Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government’s loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth.

The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government’s ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU’s 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland’s economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending.

Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland’s energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation.

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.111 trillion (2017 est.)

$1.07 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.042 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 25

$2.133 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.029 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.966 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 14

GDP (official exchange rate)

$510 billion (2017 est.)

$841.2 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

3.8% (2017 est.)

2.6% (2016 est.)

3.9% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 78

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)

6.1% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$29,300 (2017 est.)

$28,200 (2016 est.)

$27,400 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 66

$26,500 (2017 est.)

$25,400 (2016 est.)

$25,000 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 75

Gross national saving

19% of GDP (2017 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

19.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 96

25.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 58.8%

government consumption: 18.1%

investment in fixed capital: 17.8%

investment in inventories: 0.8%

exports of goods and services: 56.2%

imports of goods and services: -51.8% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 59.8%

government consumption: 15.3%

investment in fixed capital: 28.6%

investment in inventories: -0.9%

exports of goods and services: 24%

imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.4%

industry: 40.2%

services: 64.3% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 6.7%

industry: 31.8%

services: 61.4% (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy

tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock

Industries

machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

Industrial production growth rate

4.2% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 64

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 100

Labor force

17.6 million (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

31.3 million

note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 11.5%

industry: 30.4%

services: 57.6% (2015 est.)

agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.8% (2017 est.)

6.2% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

11.2% (2017 est.)

10.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

Population below poverty line

17.6% (2015 est.)

21.9% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 23.9% (2015 est.)

lowest 10%: 2.1%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

30.8 (2015 est.)

33.7 (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 126

40.2 (2010 est.)

43.6 (2003 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

Budget

revenues: $90.8 billion

expenditures: $102.2 billion (2017 est.)

revenues: $173.9 billion

expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

17.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 171

20.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 93

-2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

Public debt

46.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

country comparison to the world: 115

29.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165

Fiscal year

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.9% (2017 est.)

-0.6% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 87

10.9% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 205

Central bank discount rate

1.5% (31 December 2017 est.)

2% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 123

5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

15% (22 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

Commercial bank prime lending rate

4.8% (31 December 2017 est.)

4.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 148

15.2% (31 December 2017 est.)

14.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

Stock of narrow money

$255.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$195.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

Stock of broad money

$374.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$300.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Stock of domestic credit

$413.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$336.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 31

$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Market value of publicly traded shares

$261.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$277.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

$351.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

Current account balance

$-4.958 billion (2017 est.)

$-959 million (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 175

$-38.95 billion (2017 est.)

$-32.61 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 198

Exports

$221.4 billion (2017 est.)

$195.7 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 26

$157.3 billion (2017 est.)

$150.2 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

Exports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)

apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

Exports - partners

Germany 27.3%, UK 6.6%, Czech Republic 6.6%, France 5.4%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.5% (2016)

Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)

Imports

$221.8 billion (2017 est.)

$193.6 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

$196.8 billion (2017 est.)

$191 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)

machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

Imports - partners

Germany 28.3%, China 7.9%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 5.8%, Italy 5.3%, France 4.2%, Czech Republic 4.1% (2016)

China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$115 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$114.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 23

$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

Debt - external

$362 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$347.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$235.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$224.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$68.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$64.52 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 46

Exchange rates

zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -

3.75 (2017 est.)

3.95 (2016 est.)

3.95 (2015 est.)

3.77 (2014 est.)

3.15 (2013 est.)

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -

3.63 (2017 est.)

3.02 (2016 est.)

3.02 (2015 est.)

2.72 (2014 est.)

2.19 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Poland

Turkey

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

152.1 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

245.8 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - consumption

141.3 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

213.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Electricity - exports

12.02 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

1.442 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

Electricity - imports

14.02 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

6.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

Electricity - installed generating capacity

37.32 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

73.15 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Electricity - from fossil fuels

77.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 92

56.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 164

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

1.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 142

35.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - from other renewable sources

18.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

11.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

Crude oil - production

20,100 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 68

49,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Crude oil - exports

4,520 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 64

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 200

Crude oil - imports

490,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

506,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Crude oil - proved reserves

137.8 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

388.5 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

Refined petroleum products - production

557,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

618,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Refined petroleum products - consumption

578,200 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

943,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Refined petroleum products - exports

135,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

134,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Refined petroleum products - imports

173,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

527,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

Natural gas - production

6.132 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48

381 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

Natural gas - consumption

26.78 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

81.35 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Natural gas - exports

56 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 50

624 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

Natural gas - imports

12.12 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

48.43 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

Natural gas - proved reserves

81.66 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 58

18.49 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

296 million Mt (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

319 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Communications comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Telephones - fixed lines	total subscriptions: 8,143,145 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 24 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 23	total subscriptions: 11,077,559 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18
Telephones - mobile cellular	total: 53,001,776 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 28	total: 75,061,699 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22
Telephone system	general assessment: modernization of the telecommunications network has accelerated with market-based competition; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-owned company, is dwarfed by the growth in mobile-cellular services domestic: several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; coverage is generally good; fixed-line service lags in rural areas international: country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2015)	general assessment: comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2016)
Broadcast media	state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2007)	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)
Internet country code	.pl	.tr
Internet users	total: 28,237,820 percent of population: 73.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 28	total: 46,838,412 percent of population: 58.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Transportation comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
National air transport system	number of registered air carriers: 6 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 92 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 4,841,128 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 120,016,466 mt-km (2015)	number of registered air carriers: 15 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 531 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 96,604,665 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,882.162 million mt-km (2015)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix	SP (2016)	TC (2016)
Airports	126 (2013) country comparison to the world: 47	98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 58
Airports - with paved runways	total: 87 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30 1,524 to 2,437 m: 36 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 6 (2017)	total: 91 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 39 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 21 (2013)	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Heliports	6 (2013)	20 (2013)
Pipelines	gas 14,198 km; oil 1,374 km; refined products 2,483 km (2016)	gas 12,603 km; oil 3,038 km (2016)
Railways	total: 19,231 km broad gauge: 395 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 18,836 km 1.435-m gauge (11,874 km electrified) (2016) country comparison to the world: 15	total: 12,008 km standard gauge: 12,008 km 1.435-m gauge (3,216 km electrified) (2014) country comparison to the world: 21
Roadways	total: 420,000 km paved: 291,000 km (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways) unpaved: 129,000 km (2016) country comparison to the world: 17	total: 385,754 km paved: 352,268 km (includes 2,127 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,486 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 19
Waterways	3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2009) country comparison to the world: 27	1,200 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 59
Merchant marine	total: 152 by type: container ship 1, general cargo 13, oil tanker 7, other 131 (2017) country comparison to the world: 73	total: 1,285 by type: bulk carrier 78, container ship 50, general cargo 432, oil tanker 121, other 604 (2017) country comparison to the world: 22
Ports and terminals	major seaport(s): Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie river port(s): Szczecin (River Oder) LNG terminal(s) (import): Swinoujscie	major seaport(s): Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca container port(s) (TEUs): Ambarli (3,062,000), Mersin (Icel) (1,428,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi

Military comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Military expenditures	1.99% of GDP (2017) 1.99% of GDP (2016) 2.14% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.77% of GDP (2013) country comparison to the world: 49	1.73% of GDP (2016) 1.85% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.96% of GDP (2013) 2.05% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 61
Military branches	Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Special Forces, Territorial Defense Force (2017) note: Territorial Defense Force only began recruitment in winter 2016	Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)
Military service age and obligation	18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 18 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2018)	21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service (in case of mobilization, up to 65 years of age); 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)
Military - note	-	the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force 2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)

Transnational comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

	Poland	Turkey
Disputes - international	as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine	complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 71,302 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015); 9,864 (Russia) (2016) stateless persons: 10,825 (2016)	refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018) IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017) stateless persons: 780 (2016)
Illicit drugs	despite diligent counternarcotics measures and international information sharing on cross-border crimes, a major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe	key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

Poland

Turkey

Disputes - international

as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine

complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 71,302 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015); 9,864 (Russia) (2016)

stateless persons: 10,825 (2016)

refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018)

IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017)

stateless persons: 780 (2016)

Illicit drugs

despite diligent counternarcotics measures and international information sharing on cross-border crimes, a major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

PLN to TRY Historical Rates

year	by month
PLN to TRY in 2023	PLN to TRY in 2023-06 PLN to TRY in 2023-05 PLN to TRY in 2023-04 PLN to TRY in 2023-03 PLN to TRY in 2023-02 PLN to TRY in 2023-01
PLN to TRY in 2022	PLN to TRY in 2022-12 PLN to TRY in 2022-11 PLN to TRY in 2022-10 PLN to TRY in 2022-09 PLN to TRY in 2022-08 PLN to TRY in 2022-07 PLN to TRY in 2022-06 PLN to TRY in 2022-05 PLN to TRY in 2022-04 PLN to TRY in 2022-03 PLN to TRY in 2022-02 PLN to TRY in 2022-01
PLN to TRY in 2021	PLN to TRY in 2021-12 PLN to TRY in 2021-11 PLN to TRY in 2021-10 PLN to TRY in 2021-09 PLN to TRY in 2021-08 PLN to TRY in 2021-07 PLN to TRY in 2021-06 PLN to TRY in 2021-05 PLN to TRY in 2021-04 PLN to TRY in 2021-03 PLN to TRY in 2021-02 PLN to TRY in 2021-01
PLN to TRY in 2020	PLN to TRY in 2020-12 PLN to TRY in 2020-11 PLN to TRY in 2020-10 PLN to TRY in 2020-09 PLN to TRY in 2020-08 PLN to TRY in 2020-07 PLN to TRY in 2020-06 PLN to TRY in 2020-05 PLN to TRY in 2020-04 PLN to TRY in 2020-03 PLN to TRY in 2020-02 PLN to TRY in 2020-01
PLN to TRY in 2019	PLN to TRY in 2019-12 PLN to TRY in 2019-11 PLN to TRY in 2019-10 PLN to TRY in 2019-09 PLN to TRY in 2019-08 PLN to TRY in 2019-07 PLN to TRY in 2019-06 PLN to TRY in 2019-05 PLN to TRY in 2019-04 PLN to TRY in 2019-03 PLN to TRY in 2019-02 PLN to TRY in 2019-01
PLN to TRY in 2018	PLN to TRY in 2018-12 PLN to TRY in 2018-11 PLN to TRY in 2018-10 PLN to TRY in 2018-09 PLN to TRY in 2018-08 PLN to TRY in 2018-07 PLN to TRY in 2018-06 PLN to TRY in 2018-05 PLN to TRY in 2018-04 PLN to TRY in 2018-03 PLN to TRY in 2018-02 PLN to TRY in 2018-01
PLN to TRY in 2017	PLN to TRY in 2017-12 PLN to TRY in 2017-11 PLN to TRY in 2017-10 PLN to TRY in 2017-09 PLN to TRY in 2017-08 PLN to TRY in 2017-07 PLN to TRY in 2017-06 PLN to TRY in 2017-05 PLN to TRY in 2017-04 PLN to TRY in 2017-03 PLN to TRY in 2017-02 PLN to TRY in 2017-01
PLN to TRY in 2016	PLN to TRY in 2016-12 PLN to TRY in 2016-11 PLN to TRY in 2016-10 PLN to TRY in 2016-09 PLN to TRY in 2016-08 PLN to TRY in 2016-07 PLN to TRY in 2016-06 PLN to TRY in 2016-05 PLN to TRY in 2016-04 PLN to TRY in 2016-03 PLN to TRY in 2016-02 PLN to TRY in 2016-01
PLN to TRY in 2015	PLN to TRY in 2015-12 PLN to TRY in 2015-11 PLN to TRY in 2015-10 PLN to TRY in 2015-09 PLN to TRY in 2015-08 PLN to TRY in 2015-07 PLN to TRY in 2015-06 PLN to TRY in 2015-05 PLN to TRY in 2015-04 PLN to TRY in 2015-03 PLN to TRY in 2015-02 PLN to TRY in 2015-01
PLN to TRY in 2014	PLN to TRY in 2014-12 PLN to TRY in 2014-11 PLN to TRY in 2014-10 PLN to TRY in 2014-09 PLN to TRY in 2014-08 PLN to TRY in 2014-07 PLN to TRY in 2014-06 PLN to TRY in 2014-05 PLN to TRY in 2014-04 PLN to TRY in 2014-03 PLN to TRY in 2014-02 PLN to TRY in 2014-01
PLN to TRY in 2013	PLN to TRY in 2013-12 PLN to TRY in 2013-11 PLN to TRY in 2013-10 PLN to TRY in 2013-09 PLN to TRY in 2013-08 PLN to TRY in 2013-07 PLN to TRY in 2013-06 PLN to TRY in 2013-05 PLN to TRY in 2013-04 PLN to TRY in 2013-03 PLN to TRY in 2013-02 PLN to TRY in 2013-01
PLN to TRY in 2012	PLN to TRY in 2012-12 PLN to TRY in 2012-11 PLN to TRY in 2012-10 PLN to TRY in 2012-09 PLN to TRY in 2012-08 PLN to TRY in 2012-07 PLN to TRY in 2012-06 PLN to TRY in 2012-05 PLN to TRY in 2012-04 PLN to TRY in 2012-03 PLN to TRY in 2012-02 PLN to TRY in 2012-01
PLN to TRY in 2011	PLN to TRY in 2011-12 PLN to TRY in 2011-11 PLN to TRY in 2011-10 PLN to TRY in 2011-09 PLN to TRY in 2011-08 PLN to TRY in 2011-07 PLN to TRY in 2011-06 PLN to TRY in 2011-05 PLN to TRY in 2011-04 PLN to TRY in 2011-03 PLN to TRY in 2011-02 PLN to TRY in 2011-01
PLN to TRY in 2010	PLN to TRY in 2010-12 PLN to TRY in 2010-11 PLN to TRY in 2010-10 PLN to TRY in 2010-09 PLN to TRY in 2010-08 PLN to TRY in 2010-07 PLN to TRY in 2010-06 PLN to TRY in 2010-05 PLN to TRY in 2010-04 PLN to TRY in 2010-03 PLN to TRY in 2010-02 PLN to TRY in 2010-01
PLN to TRY in 2009	PLN to TRY in 2009-12 PLN to TRY in 2009-11 PLN to TRY in 2009-10 PLN to TRY in 2009-09 PLN to TRY in 2009-08 PLN to TRY in 2009-07 PLN to TRY in 2009-06 PLN to TRY in 2009-05 PLN to TRY in 2009-04 PLN to TRY in 2009-03 PLN to TRY in 2009-02 PLN to TRY in 2009-01
PLN to TRY in 2008	PLN to TRY in 2008-12 PLN to TRY in 2008-11 PLN to TRY in 2008-10 PLN to TRY in 2008-09 PLN to TRY in 2008-08 PLN to TRY in 2008-07 PLN to TRY in 2008-06 PLN to TRY in 2008-05 PLN to TRY in 2008-04 PLN to TRY in 2008-03 PLN to TRY in 2008-02 PLN to TRY in 2008-01
PLN to TRY in 2007	PLN to TRY in 2007-12 PLN to TRY in 2007-11 PLN to TRY in 2007-10 PLN to TRY in 2007-09 PLN to TRY in 2007-08 PLN to TRY in 2007-07 PLN to TRY in 2007-06 PLN to TRY in 2007-05 PLN to TRY in 2007-04 PLN to TRY in 2007-03 PLN to TRY in 2007-02 PLN to TRY in 2007-01
PLN to TRY in 2006	PLN to TRY in 2006-12 PLN to TRY in 2006-11 PLN to TRY in 2006-10 PLN to TRY in 2006-09 PLN to TRY in 2006-08 PLN to TRY in 2006-07 PLN to TRY in 2006-06 PLN to TRY in 2006-05 PLN to TRY in 2006-04 PLN to TRY in 2006-03 PLN to TRY in 2006-02 PLN to TRY in 2006-01
PLN to TRY in 2005	PLN to TRY in 2005-12 PLN to TRY in 2005-11 PLN to TRY in 2005-10 PLN to TRY in 2005-09 PLN to TRY in 2005-08 PLN to TRY in 2005-07 PLN to TRY in 2005-06 PLN to TRY in 2005-05 PLN to TRY in 2005-04 PLN to TRY in 2005-03 PLN to TRY in 2005-02 PLN to TRY in 2005-01
PLN to TRY in 2004	PLN to TRY in 2004-12 PLN to TRY in 2004-11 PLN to TRY in 2004-10 PLN to TRY in 2004-09 PLN to TRY in 2004-08 PLN to TRY in 2004-07 PLN to TRY in 2004-06 PLN to TRY in 2004-05 PLN to TRY in 2004-04 PLN to TRY in 2004-03 PLN to TRY in 2004-02 PLN to TRY in 2004-01
PLN to TRY in 2003	PLN to TRY in 2003-12 PLN to TRY in 2003-11 PLN to TRY in 2003-10 PLN to TRY in 2003-09 PLN to TRY in 2003-08 PLN to TRY in 2003-07 PLN to TRY in 2003-06 PLN to TRY in 2003-05 PLN to TRY in 2003-04 PLN to TRY in 2003-03 PLN to TRY in 2003-02 PLN to TRY in 2003-01
PLN to TRY in 2002	PLN to TRY in 2002-12 PLN to TRY in 2002-11 PLN to TRY in 2002-10 PLN to TRY in 2002-09 PLN to TRY in 2002-08 PLN to TRY in 2002-07 PLN to TRY in 2002-06 PLN to TRY in 2002-05 PLN to TRY in 2002-04 PLN to TRY in 2002-03 PLN to TRY in 2002-02 PLN to TRY in 2002-01
PLN to TRY in 2001	PLN to TRY in 2001-12 PLN to TRY in 2001-11 PLN to TRY in 2001-10 PLN to TRY in 2001-09 PLN to TRY in 2001-08 PLN to TRY in 2001-07 PLN to TRY in 2001-06 PLN to TRY in 2001-05 PLN to TRY in 2001-04 PLN to TRY in 2001-03 PLN to TRY in 2001-02 PLN to TRY in 2001-01
PLN to TRY in 2000	PLN to TRY in 2000-12 PLN to TRY in 2000-11 PLN to TRY in 2000-10 PLN to TRY in 2000-09 PLN to TRY in 2000-08 PLN to TRY in 2000-07 PLN to TRY in 2000-06 PLN to TRY in 2000-05 PLN to TRY in 2000-04 PLN to TRY in 2000-03 PLN to TRY in 2000-02 PLN to TRY in 2000-01

All PLN Exchange Rates Now

Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate
PLN to AED rate	0.88421 ▼	PLN to ALL rate	23.94767 ▲	PLN to ANG rate	0.4322 ▼
PLN to ARS rate	58.89538 ▼	PLN to AUD rate	0.35886 ▼	PLN to AWG rate	0.43377 ▼
PLN to BBD rate	0.48197 ▼	PLN to BDT rate	25.96171 ▼	PLN to BGN rate	0.43733 ▼
PLN to BHD rate	0.09085 ▼	PLN to BIF rate	680.35905 ▼	PLN to BMD rate	0.24098 ▼
PLN to BND rate	0.32467 ▼	PLN to BOB rate	1.66498 ▼	PLN to BRL rate	1.18662 ▼
PLN to BSD rate	0.24098 ▼	PLN to BTN rate	19.89418 ▼	PLN to BZD rate	0.48339 ▼
PLN to CAD rate	0.3215 ▼	PLN to CHF rate	0.21665 ▼	PLN to CLP rate	190.16676 ▲
PLN to CNY rate	1.71674 ▲	PLN to COP rate	1013.69973 ▲	PLN to CRC rate	128.78216 ▼
PLN to CZK rate	5.29322 ▲	PLN to DKK rate	1.66639 ▲	PLN to DOP rate	13.14866 ▼
PLN to DZD rate	32.85024 ▲	PLN to EGP rate	7.45673 ▼	PLN to ETB rate	13.10705 ▼
PLN to EUR rate	0.2236 ▲	PLN to FJD rate	0.53613 ▼	PLN to GBP rate	0.19194 ▼
PLN to GMD rate	14.32643 ▼	PLN to GNF rate	2085.70613 ▼	PLN to GTQ rate	1.87787 ▼
PLN to HKD rate	1.8886 ▼	PLN to HNL rate	5.95469 ▲	PLN to HRK rate	1.68486 ▲
PLN to HTG rate	33.45404 ▼	PLN to HUF rate	82.45452 ▼	PLN to IDR rate	3575.94374 ▼
PLN to ILS rate	0.87811 ▼	PLN to INR rate	19.86433 ▼	PLN to IQD rate	313.93143 ▼
PLN to IRR rate	10183.02943 ▼	PLN to ISK rate	33.43395 ▲	PLN to JMD rate	37.33168 ▼
PLN to JOD rate	0.17095 ▼	PLN to JPY rate	33.6102 ▲	PLN to KES rate	33.55685 ▼
PLN to KMF rate	110.97256 ▼	PLN to KRW rate	311.18629 ▼	PLN to KWD rate	0.07407 ▼
PLN to KYD rate	0.19986 ▼	PLN to KZT rate	107.01164 ▼	PLN to LBP rate	3678.60244 ▼
PLN to LKR rate	70.87011 ▲	PLN to LSL rate	4.54712 ▼	PLN to MAD rate	2.44534 ▼
PLN to MDL rate	4.28188 ▼	PLN to MKD rate	13.83366 ▼	PLN to MNT rate	848.01847 ▼
PLN to MOP rate	1.94518 ▼	PLN to MUR rate	10.92857 ▼	PLN to MVR rate	3.7015 ▼
PLN to MWK rate	246.16139 ▼	PLN to MXN rate	4.18103 ▼	PLN to MYR rate	1.11141 ▼
PLN to NAD rate	4.54072 ▼	PLN to NGN rate	110.72337 ▼	PLN to NIO rate	8.80792 ▼
PLN to NOK rate	2.60772 ▼	PLN to NPR rate	31.83153 ▼	PLN to NZD rate	0.39519 ▼
PLN to OMR rate	0.09278 ▼	PLN to PAB rate	0.24098 ▼	PLN to PEN rate	0.87926 ▼
PLN to PGK rate	0.84946 ▼	PLN to PHP rate	13.49588 ▼	PLN to PKR rate	69.19821 ▼
PLN to PYG rate	1732.80223 ▼	PLN to QAR rate	0.87744 ▼	PLN to RON rate	1.1078 ▲
PLN to RUB rate	19.95579 ▲	PLN to RWF rate	273.04216 ▼	PLN to SAR rate	0.9036 ▼
PLN to SBD rate	2.00925 ▲	PLN to SCR rate	3.17842 ▼	PLN to SEK rate	2.60115 ▼
PLN to SGD rate	0.32338 ▼	PLN to SLL rate	4256.96116 ▼	PLN to SVC rate	2.0985 ▼
PLN to SZL rate	4.54354 ▼	PLN to THB rate	8.33048 ▼	PLN to TND rate	0.74765 ▼
PLN to TOP rate	0.5707 ▼	PLN to TRY rate	5.66359 ▲	PLN to TTD rate	1.63286 ▼
PLN to TWD rate	7.40764 ▲	PLN to TZS rate	572.33415 ▼	PLN to UAH rate	8.85564 ▼
PLN to UGX rate	896.96374 ▼	PLN to USD rate	0.24093 ▼	PLN to UYU rate	9.39106 ▼
PLN to VUV rate	28.67189 ▼	PLN to WST rate	0.6568 ▼	PLN to XAF rate	146.70047 ▲
PLN to XCD rate	0.65127 ▼	PLN to XOF rate	146.70047 ▲	PLN to XPF rate	26.68776 ▲
PLN to YER rate	60.31801 ▼	PLN to ZAR rate	4.54111 ▼

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PLN to TRY Live Rate

PLN to TRY Rate Chart

PLN Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Economic indicators of Poland and Turkey

PLN to TRY Historical Rates(table)

PLN to TRY Handy Conversion

Comparison between Poland and Turkey

Background comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Geography comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

People comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Government comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Economy comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Energy comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Communications comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Transportation comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Military comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

Transnational comparison between [Poland] and [Turkey]

PLN to TRY Historical Rates

All PLN Exchange Rates Now